KISS1R and Infertility: In 2003, milestone studies reported that loss-of-function mutations of the kisspeptin receptor (KiSS1R/GPR54) in humans and rodents (de Roux et al., 2003; Seminara et al., 2003) prevented pubertal development and caused infertility, leading to a large number of studies aiming at investigating the role of kisspeptins in Vertebrate reproduction (Pinilla et al., 2012 for review).