In these studies, the addition of CpG ODN to fibroblast cultures drove the expression of PDGF-BB, CXCL8, CXCL1, CCL5, CCL7, CCL11, and CCL2 in cultures of rapidly progressive fibroblasts but not in fibroblasts from slow IPF. The gene discussed is CXCL1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.