KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: In the USA, up to 45% of HTx recipients are men over the age of fifty [2] who may get diligent screening for prostate cancer (PC) per the selection guidelines [5]; however, the lack of evidence of a proven benefit of PC screening and the controversy of screening men with limited life expectancy have led the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) to recommend against prostate-specific-antigen-(PSA-) based PC screening programs for US men [7].