Antitumor agents such as rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, or related compounds that inhibit translation by inhibiting phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and P70S6K have been shown to induce remissions even in AML patients with relapsed disease, suggesting that the targeted inhibition of mRNA translational pathways might offer therapeutic benefits for patients with certain malignancies. This evidence concerns the gene RPS6KB1 and acute myeloid leukemia.