AGT and interstitial cystitis: Oestrogen was shown to affect axonal sprouting in cultured DRG neurons by locally produced AngII via up-regulation of AT2R, and proposed to underlie the increased prevalence of pain conditions common in pre-menopausal women, such as migraine, painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis, and irritable bowel syndrome (Chakrabarty et al., 2008).