TNF and Obesity: Inflammatory and neuro-hormonal mechanisms, such as neutralization of the adverse effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alfa by soluble receptors in the adipose tissue [37], neutralization of lipopolysaccharides (stimulants of the release of inflammatory cytokines) by higher cholesterol levels in the plasma of obese, and protective alterations in the activation of neuro-hormonal pathways in the obese subjects [38], are commonly investigated to explain the “obesity paradox” in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).