To determine whether phage surface-displayed 3D8 VL and TAT can facilitate cellular internalization of the recombinant phages, we incubated human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells (∼1×106 cells) at 37°C with 1012 CFU of VCSM13, hAY4 scFv-M13, and 3D8 VL-M13 phages for 6 h or 1013 CFU of TAT-M13 phages for 2 h to allow internalization. Here, MLC1 is linked to cervical carcinoma.