To explore how diabetes decreases, and Zn deficiency enhances diabetic decrease in, the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, the expression or phosphorylation of Akt negative regulators TRB3 (Fig. 6A), PTEN (Fig. 6B), and TPT1B (Fig. 6C) was examined. Here, AKT1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.