HMGB1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: α-defensins 1 and 3 were identified in the proteomic analysis of PMA-induced NETs (Urban et al., 2009), while both HMGB1 (Garcia-Romo et al., 2011) and α-defensins/HNP (Lande et al., 2011) have been described in the context of lupus NETs.