SNPs in the noncoding mtDNA control region at T16126C, T16126C + G13368A, A4917G + A73G, and T3197C +A12308G were strongly associated with AMD, and these SNPs correlated with mtDNA haplogroups J, T, and U. The A4917G SNP in the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase gene, which defines mtDNA haplogroup T, was also shown in separate studies to be associated with increased risk of AMD, potentially by disrupting cell respiration and increasing the production of ROS[92,93]. The gene discussed is ENSG00000251605; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.