These can cause cardiac hypertrophy and increase of related gene expressions, such as proto-oncogenes c-Fos and c-JUN, genes which encode atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and structural genes β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and skeletal α-actin [7]. Here, NPPA is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.