PTGS2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: This observation concurs with the findings of Coward et al.[35], who demonstrated that the expression of p65 and C/EBPβ was unaltered in fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients compared to control fibroblasts, a disease that is also characterized by down-regulated COX-2 expression in fibroblasts.