The crucial role of BDNF in stroke recovery has been repeatedly suggested in animal studies in that brain BDNF is increased in cerebral ischemia [21], [22], motor function improvement is associated with BDNF upregulation [23], and BDNF administration improves sensory motor recovery [3], [24], [25], whereas BDNF blockade prevents recovery [5], [26]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is brain ischemia.