BMP2 and colonic neoplasm: Recently, we showed that dietary heme changed the surface to crypt signaling by downregulating feedback inhibitors of proliferation such as Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1), Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) and Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) in the surface epithelium [9].The resulting compensatory hyperproliferation and hyperplasia increases the risk of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and thereby increases the risk to develop colon cancer.