TLR2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: We found that MDMs from healthy and COPD individuals differentiated in the presence of low concentrations of DEP had reduced CXCL8 production in response to the TLR4 agonist LPS and the synthetic TLR7/8 agonist gardiquimod, but not the TLR2 agonist PAM3CSK4 or the cytokine TNFα.