In addition, variants near the NFKB1 gene have been associated to T2D based on the DIAGRAM dataset (best nearby SNP p-value = 1.6×10−5), while SMAD3 has been recently found to protect against diet-induced obesity as well as coronary artery disease [50], [51]. Here, SMAD3 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.