Interestingly, however, A-C/EBP expression appeared to have inhibited the malignant conversion of adenoma to carcinoma in mice expressing A-C/EBP when the expression was initiated at 52 weeks post-1st NNK administration, the time when tumors (mostly adenomas) had already been well developed (see Table 1), and the mice necropsied at 62 weeks post-1st NNK administration. The gene discussed is CEBPA; the disease is carcinoma.