HK1 and cancer: Such metabolic re-programming of cancer cells includes marked over-expression of mitochondrial-bound HK isoforms, considered as the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis and serving as the biochemical gate of this pathway (Pedersen et al., 2002; Mathupala et al., 2006; Pedersen, 2007; Shoshan-Barmatz et al., 2010).