INS and Insulin resistance: The most consistent findings from these studies were indications of insulin resistance in adulthood based on increased insulin area under the curve (AUC) following an oral or intraperitoneal glucose challenge (Bruin et al. 2007, 2008c; Holloway et al. 2005; Somm et al. 2008) or on an increased insulin resistance index (Oliveira et al. 2010).