Regarding the estrogen receptors, it was demonstrated that polymorphisms in ERα are associated with azoospermia (Romerius et al., 2011) and are more likely to be associated with the risk of seminoma and metastasis (Brokken et al., 2012); whereas polymorphisms in ERβ are more likely to be link to altered spermatogenesis (Aschim et al., 2005) and with risk of TGCC. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and seminoma.