INS and diabetes mellitus: The present study suggests that exposure to road traffic noise may also be involved in the development of diabetes, which, given the assumed mechanisms of action of traffic noise, is supported by studies of effects of excess cortisol and sleep disturbances on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and hormones responsible for regulation of appetite, and the risk of diabetes (Buxton et al. 2010; Chiodini et al. 2005; Clore and Thurby-Hay 2009; Mazziotti et al. 2011; Spiegel et al. 1999, 2005, 2009; Tasali et al. 2008, 2009).