MAPK3 and hypertrophy: To determine whether these signaling pathways are involved in mediation of the CARP-inhibitory action in terms of cardiac hypertrophy, we used Western blot analysis to examine the phosphorylation status of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, p90RSK, Akt, and GSK3β (all are components of the two pathways mentioned above) in hearts from TAC-treated CARP Tg mice and WT mice.