In this study, the presence of any autoimmune disease was excluded based upon the study exclusion criteria, and all the patients tested positive for anti-apoA-1 IgG were found to be negative for anti-beta2 glycoprotein (anti-β2GPI), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nucleosome, anti-nucleoprotein-specific, and for ANCA-specific anti-MPO (myeloperoxidase) and anti-PR3 (proteinase 3) antibodies [25]. This evidence concerns the gene APOA1 and autoimmune disease.