In our rodent hind-limb VCA model, the flow cytometric analysis of recipient peripheral blood revealed that CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell populations were significantly increased at early time points (4–6 weeks after transplant) in the animals that were treated with multiple rounds of ASCs and short-term ALS-CsA, as compared to the ALS-CsA and control groups [34]. Here, CD4 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.