CYP1A1 and xeroderma pigmentosum group D: As for genetic susceptibility, it has been reported that gene polymorphisms of metholenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (52), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) (52), glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) (52), GSTT1 (53), CYP2A6 (54), CYP2E1 (34), human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) (55), X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) (56), xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) (56), p53 (57) and others, are correlated with EC.