In the RDS group, there were 13 neonates in the ≤32-week group, 12 neonates in the 34–36+6-week group and 10 neonates in the ≥37-week group with a lower SP-B mRNA level as compared to the lower limit of normal in the control group, with a frequency of SP-B mRNA deficiency of 58.3% (35/60). The gene discussed is SFTPB; the disease is newborn respiratory distress syndrome.