CXCL10 and renal cell carcinoma: [13] Cytokine multiplex results showed an overall treatment related increase in serum levels of anti-angiogenic factor IP-10 (PRE 126±71 pg/ml vs. POST 521±244 pg/ml, p = 0.002, (Figure S5). Responding patients had higher levels of IP-10 in PRE serum than non-responding patients (R 139±41 pg/ml vs. NR 82±44 pg/ml, p = 0.08). Baseline IP-10 levels have been shown to correlate with clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. [16], [26] IP10 was the only serum cytokine level measured which differed based on treatment or response.