ALB and diabetes mellitus: However, after adjusting for migration, Ox-LDL, TBARS, GPx, and HOMA-IR, the logistic regression model 2 identified longer DM duration, low serum albumin, no intake of African pear safou fruit, and no intake of fumbwa vegetables as the independent and significant determinants of DR presence in these Bantu patients with T2 DM (Table 5).