To address this question, the procoagulant functions of four DNA-aptamers against thrombin (determined to be anti-coagulant) [13], APC (determined to inhibit the anti-coagulant function of APC) [14], VEGF (binding to VEGF) [16] and AS1411 (inhibiting nucleolin function for cancer therapy) [15] were analyzed at concentrations comparable to plasma levels achieved during different clinical studies [31], [32], [33]. This evidence concerns the gene APC and cancer.