Further, similar to TGFß, another member of the TGFß family, the bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), is a high-affinity ligand for ALK1 in EC and exhibits both anti-angiogenic [29], [30] and pro-angiogenic effects on Matrigel plug vascularization and in a xenograft model of pancreatic cancer [31]. Here, GDF2 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.