Univariate analyses showed several factors associated with severe fibrosis: age, gender, insulin resistance, alcohol consumption, duration of HCV and HIV infections, HCV infection caused by IVDU, current CD4-cell count, nadir CD4-cell count, the duration of exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and steatosis (Table 4). Here, CD4 is linked to steatosis.