This late-phase burst of PGE2 production shifts the balance of the production of PGD2 and PGE2 in BMDM, and alters the ratio of the purported proinflammatory PGD2 and the anti-inflammatory PGE2 in macrophages, which may indicate an important in vivo functional adjustment in host defense in order to better manage the cellular response to bacterial infection. Here, PTGDS is linked to bacterial infectious disease.