It has been demonstrated that the NCX can function in reverse-mode in skeletal muscle [55], and that increased cytoplasmic sodium drives reverse-mode operation of the NCX [56], but the possible interaction between NHE and NCX function in skeletal muscle is not well-studied; there is one report that NHE inhibition significantly reduced intracellular calcium accumulation in a muscular dystrophy model [57]. Here, TLX2 is linked to muscular dystrophy.