Inherited mutations for several ribosomal protein genes (RPS19, RPS27A, RPS26, RPS24, RPS17, RPS15, RPS10, RPS7, RPL5, RPL11, RPL35a, and RPL36) cause Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA, OMIM#205900) [34, 36–46]. The gene discussed is RPS19; the disease is Diamond-Blackfan anemia.