RAC1 and cancer: Berberine also showed anti-metastatic properties in several cancer cell lines, acting on 72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2), Cdc42 effector protein 1 (CDC42EP1), and ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), transforming protein RhoA (RHOA) and urokinase-plasminogen activator A (PLAU) [34, 35].