NPPB and lung disorder: In Table 2, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (PV), positive PV, and total accuracy for differentiating AHFS from pulmonary disease in emergency patients with acute dyspnea are presented for Framigham criteria (two major or one major and two minor criteria), BNP (cut-off value: 100 pg/mL), lung ultrasound, both lung ultrasound and BNP (cut-off value: 100 pg/mL), IVC collapsibility (cut-off value: 50%), either MR or TR (≥ moderate), both preserved EF and MR (≥ moderate), both reduced EF and either MR or TR (≥ moderate), and LCI integrated ultrasound.