The ex vivo IFNγ NS3 responses in patients with DHF were higher than in healthy dengue seropositive individuals, suggesting that NS3 specific responses are expanded in acute dengue infection (Fig. 2A) Although we did not observe any difference between TGFß production by NS3-specific T cell in those with shock and those who did not develop shock, TGFß levels positively and significantly correlated with IFNγ DENV-3 NS3 specific responses (Spearmans R = 0.50, p = 0.011). Here, IFNG is linked to dengue disease.