Therefore, it can be concluded that attenuation of the ALK1-induced Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway through suppression of endoglin and TGF-β expression in the endothelial cells and in the tumor cells is responsible for the effects on the in vivo inhibition of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis by toxicarioside A treatment (Figure 8B). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.