[23] Since the only Lys19Glu residue difference between the two HLA-A*11 alleles is outside the peptide binding region, the possibility of an alternative mechanisms for NPC pathogenesis, e.g. HLA-A/KIR innate immunity involvement [29] or dendritic cell interaction, [30] should be considered and explored in future studies. Here, HLA-A is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.