Since EGFR and HER2 alterations may predict a successful response to HER target specific therapy, and ESCC has a very poor prognosis with currently available treatments, it is essential to analyze possible alterations of these receptors in ESCC, to evaluate the potential of use of anti-HER therapy to treat ESCC patients. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.