TNF and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Similar cytokine findings have been evidenced also in the course of anxiety disorders: in obsessive compulsive disorder higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were found, while in posttraumatic stress disorder, in addition to IL-6 and TNF-α increasing, also low cortisol and high DHEA levels were found [259-261]; furthermore, a systematic shift in cytokine balance towards a Th2 profile has been suggested in the Gulf War syndrome [262].