ESR1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Seeing that the cytoplasmic expression of ERα and ERβ has also been observed in non-small cell lung cancer [32,33], the cytoplasmic expression of sex hormone receptors in these tumors derived from “nontarget” organs might suggest an independent or a novel mechanism involving in tumorigenesis distinct from the genomic signaling via nuclear forms typically occurred in breast cancer [33].