While these important observations from animal and human tissue data create an interest to see a role for TLR2 and TLR4 in obesity, it remains unknown whether alterations in TLR2 and TLR4 expression and associated inflammatory cytokines contribute to systemic inflammation which causes induction of insulin resistance in obese individuals. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.