Mutations in the CETP gene frequently cause familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia [56]; most CETP polymorphisms, such as three common CETP genotypes Taq1B (+279G>A), Ile405Val (+16A>G) and −629C>A, are equally associated with elevated HDL-C levels [13], [16], [44], [45]. This evidence concerns the gene CETP and cholesterol-ester transfer protein deficiency.