For example, numerous retinoprotective agents or methods have been tested in the last few years against the harmful effects of retinal ischemia; these include VIP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), antioxidants, flavonoids, pre- or post-conditioning, etc. (Atlasz et al., 2010a; Szabadfi et al., 2010). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is retinal ischemia.