On the other hand, inhibition of smooth muscle IK/KCa3.1 channels is considered for the treatment of pathological vascular remodeling and sickle cell anemia, since IK/KCa3.1 channel inhibition has particular beneficial effects in restenosis disease, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune encephalomyelitis (Wulff et al., 2007; Köhler et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene KCNN4 and sickle cell disease.