TGM2 and cancer: Results shown in Figure 6B demonstrated that inhibition of HIF-1α in TG2-expressing cells caused marked diminution in the expression of these transcription repressors. On the basis of our earlier results, which suggested that downregulation of TG2 [20] or NF-κB [24] results in a similar inhibition of transcription repressors and reversal of EMT we propose that aberrant expression of TG2 in cancer cells promotes chemoresistance and an invasive phenotype owing to the constitutive activation of NF-κB and HIF-1α (Figure 7).