TNF and migraine disorder: Multiple neurotransmitters and hormones, including CGRP, substance P, neuropeptide Y (Valenzuela et al., 2000), adiponectin (Peterlin et al., 2007), leptin (Guldiken et al., 2008), orexin-A (Ray and Kumar, 2010), interleukin (IL)-1 (Yilmaz et al., 2010), IL-6, and TNF-α have been implicated in migraine pathogenesis (Rozen and Swidan, 2007; Yilmaz et al., 2010).