CD34 and neoplasm: This observation indicates that BM CD34+ cell-derived monocytes are potent APC and can be used for expansion of TAA-specific CTL; however, the protocol for more effective yield of expanded CTL needs to be further elaborated as the increase in HER-2/neu369–377 CTL number in our study was not impressive when compared to other studies using dendritic cells for stimulation with tumour-derived peptides [24, 25].