Serum Tnfrsf8 levels have been found to be increased in patients with autoimmune diseases and those infected with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Epstein-Barr, and HIV, and Tnfrsf8 expression is upregulated in hematological malignancies, including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (reviewed by Oflazoglu et al. 2009). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF8 and hepatitis A virus infection.